Eighteen studies arrived this period, with the bulk clustering on two compounds. Ten papers examined MOTS-c, a peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA, across mice and rats. Researchers gave it to animals with radiation-damaged lungs, oxygen-damaged newborn hearts and lungs, simulated high-altitude exposure, diabetes, muscle wasting from tumours, atrial fibrillation, and skin-flap surgery, measuring inflammation, scarring, heart function, blood flow, and tissue survival. One paper also tested it against an abdominal MRSA infection in mice, and another looked at how it affects muscle mitochondria in healthy mice.
Three papers covered BPC-157, all in rats. Two looked at tissue repair: one on surgically cut Achilles tendons given BPC-157, TB-500, or both for four weeks, and one on lower-limb injuries from restricted blood flow. The third examined rats that had one adrenal gland removed, measuring blood pressure and organ damage after the peptide was given by mouth.
Two papers covered